Nural Tube Defect

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects that affect the development of the central nervous system in babies. These defects happen when the neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, doesn't close completely during early pregnancy. There are different types of NTDs, including spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele.

The causes of NTDs are complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Maternal conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and exposure to toxins during pregnancy can also raise the risk.

However, one of the most significant risk factors for NTDs is a lack of folic acid, which is a type of B vitamin. Folic acid is crucial for DNA synthesis and methylation, which are important processes for closing the neural tube during early fetal development.

Preconception nutrition plays a crucial role in preventing NTDs, especially through folic acid supplementation of 400mg every day. Studies have shown that taking folic acid before pregnancy can reduce the risk of NTDs by up to 69%. Many countries have policies to fortify certain foods with folic acid to ensure that women get enough of this important nutrient even before they get pregnant.

So, ensuring adequate preconception nutrition, with a focus on getting enough folic acid, is essential for reducing the risk of NTDs and promoting the healthy development of the baby.